Benjamin Franklin

Franklin’s four resolutions:

1. It is necessary for me to be extremely frugal for some time, till I have paid what I owe.

2. To endeavor to speak truth in every instance; to give nobody expectations that are not likely to be answered, but aim at sincerity in every word and action – the most amiable excellence in a rational being.

3. To apply myself industriously to whatever business I take in hand, and not divert my mind from my business by any foolish project of growing suddenly rich; for industry and patience are the surest means of plenty.

4. I resolve to speak ill of no man whatever, not even in a matter of truth; but rather by some means excuse the faults I hear charged upon others, and upon proper occasions speak all the good I know of every body.


Franklin’s thirteen cardinal virtues:

1. Temperance (Eat not to dullness. Drink not to elevation)

2. Silence (Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself. Avoid trifling conversation)

3. Order (Let all your things have their places. Let each part of your business have its time.)

4. Resolution (Resolve to perform what you ought. Perform without fail what you resolve.)

5. Frugality (Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself: i.e., Waste nothing.)

6. Industry (Lose no time. Be always employed in something useful. Cut off all unnecessary actions.)

7. Sincerity (Use no hurtful deceit. Think innocently and justly; and if you speak, speak accordingly.)

8. Justice (Wrong none, by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty.)

9. Moderation (Avoid extremes. Forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve.)

10. Cleanliness (Tolerate no uncleanness in body, clothes or habitation.)

11. Tranquility (Be not disturbed at trifles, or at accidents common or unavoidable.)

12. Chastity (rarely use venery but for health or offspring; never to dullness, weakness or the injury of your own or another’s peace or reputation.)

13. Humility (Imitate Jesus and Socrates.)